Omega-3 Supplementation for Adolescents and Young adults to Combat Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression

Abstract

Anxiety and depression are prevalent mental health disorders among adolescents and young adults, with significant global implications. While pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy remain as standard treatments, interest in nutrition-based interventions, particularly omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, is growing due to their potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.This systematic review evaluates the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and its impact on symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents and young adults. A systematic search of four databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) identified randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and cohort studies published within the last eight years. Inclusion criteria targeted youth aged 7–30, with primary diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression, focusing on omega-3 supplementation alone or combined with traditional therapies. Data extraction adhered to PRISMA guidelines, assessing outcomes related to mood, anxiety, and cognitive performance. From 521 screened studies, 19 trials involving 1,854 participants met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated modest improvements in depression severity, particularly when omega-3 supplementation was combined with antidepressant therapy. Anxiety outcomes were inconsistent, with dietary modifications showing more promise than standalone supplementation. Dosages exceeding 2g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) appeared more effective over durations of 10–12 weeks. However, heterogeneity in study designs and dosages limited definitive conclusions.Omega-3 supplementation demonstrates potential as a complementary treatment for depression, particularly when integrated with conventional therapies. Evidence supporting its efficacy for anxiety is less robust. Future research should address optimal dosages, long-term outcomes, and the mechanisms underlying omega-3's therapeutic effects. While omega-3 has been reviewed to be safe and well-tolerated, omega-3 fatty acids are best utilized as part of a holistic treatment strategy.