Considering the Impact of Elevated Saturated Fat Intake in the Context of Full Fat Dairy Products and Red Meats on Cardiovascular Health, A Systematic Review
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Abstract
Background: Within the medical field there is considerable controversy over the impact of saturated fatty acid (SFA) content in diet and its relationship to cardiovascular disease in the general healthy population. The most common sources of elevated SFA content in the USA’s diet are milk and milk products, such as cheese, yogurt, and butter, as well as red meats, including beef and pork. These foods are reported to have relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids; however, they also contain multiple other nutrients which are highly beneficial to health and are more bioavailable than the same nutrients from plant-based foods.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that intakes of SFA content in the context of minimally processed whole food sources, such as full-fat dairy and red meat products, negatively impact cardiovascular health. Cardiovascular health will be measured using the validated cardiovascular disease risk factors of blood lipoproteins and lipid classes, including low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC).
Methods: A bibliographic search was performed in the databases of PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, and Agricola. Data was extracted using an adapted data collection form derived from PRISMA and The Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Study quality and risk of bias were analyzed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist.
Results and Conclusion: There is some evidence which supports minimally processed lean red meat does not have a negative impact on cardiovascular health apart from overall elevated SFA content.
Minimally processed, full-fat dairy products, including cheese and yogurt, have not been demonstrated to cause negative impacts on blood cholesterol levels when consumed in the context of an overall healthy diet pattern, including DASH and Mediterranean diet patterns. A notable exception to this is the effect of butter on LDL-C and TC.
How to Cite
Danielle Foster, & Haubrick, K. (2024). Considering the Impact of Elevated Saturated Fat Intake in the Context of Full Fat Dairy Products and Red Meats on Cardiovascular Health, A Systematic Review. Research Review, 5(12), 2640–2662. https://doi.org/10.52845/RR-5-12-2024-1
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red meat, dairy products, saturated fatty acids, blood cholesterol, cardiovascular diseases, dietary fat
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