A A Mindfulness-Based Eating Intervention Approach to Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults
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Abstract
Intuitive eating (IE), or a mindfulness-based intervention approach to eating, teaches individuals to focus on their experience and sensual awareness of food. Despite the primary objective of the practices not being weight-related, interest in mindfulness or IE practices for weight loss has continued to grow as following these practices has elicited weight changes in participants. This review aims to examine if mindfulness-based interventions in overweight or obese adults effectively elicit weight loss, maintain weight loss efforts long-term, and improve eating behaviors and diet quality. A systematic search of several databases using specific search terms resulted in twenty-one articles. Of the studies selected, twelve studies demonstrated significant weight loss and weight maintenance results (p <0.05). Three studies examined the diet quality of individuals following a mindfulness-based eating intervention (MBEI), with two studies revealing statistically significant improvements (p <0.05). The eating behaviors of participants measured by five studies indicated improvement in intuitive eating scores and long-term maintenance of intuitive eating practices. However, the studies used several different MBEIs and tools to measure diet quality and eating behaviors, which may impact results. Future studies, including standardized MBEI protocols and tools, are needed to determine the effectiveness of MBEI in weight reduction and maintenance, diet quality, and eating behavior improvement.
How to Cite
Paul, B., & Haubrick, K. (2022). A A Mindfulness-Based Eating Intervention Approach to Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults. Research Review, 3(03). https://doi.org/10.52845/RR/2022-3-3-5
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Mindfulness eating, Intuitive eating, Obesity, Weight loss, Diet Quality, Eating Behavior
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&text=About%201%20in%2011%20adults%20(9.2%25)%20have%20severe%20obesity.
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17. Corsica J., Hood M.M., Katterman S., Kleinman B. & Ivan I. (2014). Development of a novel mindfulness and cognitive behavioral intervention for stress-eating: A comparative pilot study. Eating Behaviors, 15(4), 694-699. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.002
18. Daubenmier, J., Moran, P. J., Kristeller, J., Acree, M., Bacchetti, P., Kemeny, M. E., Dallman, M., Lustig, R. H., Grunfeld, C., Nixon, D. F., Milush, J. M., Goldman, V., Laraia, B., Laugero, K. D., Woodhouse, L., Epel, E. S., & Hecht, F. M. (2016). Effects of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention in adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Obesity(19307381), 24(4), 794–804. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21396
19. Dimitrov Ulian, M., Pinto, A. J., de Morais Sato, P., B Benatti, F., Lopes de Campos-Ferraz, P., Coelho, D., Roble, O. J., Sabatini, F., Perez, I., Aburad, L., Vessoni, A., Fernandez Unsain, R., Macedo Rogero, M., Toporcov, T. N., de Sá-Pinto, A. L., Gualano, B., & B Scagliusi, F. (2018). Effects of a new intervention based on the Health at Every Size approach for the management of obesity: The "Health and Wellness in Obesity" study. PloS one, 13(7), e0198401.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0198401
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21. Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Manasse, S. M., Crosby, R. D., Goldstein, S. P., Wyckoff, E. P., & Thomas, J. G. (2016). Acceptance-based versus standard behavioral treatment for obesity: Results from the mind your health randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 24(10), 2050–2056. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/oby.21601
22. Hawkins, M., Colaizzi, J. M., Cole, A. B., Keirns, N. G., Smith, C. E., Stout, M., Chaney, J., Sawhney, M., & Gahn, D. (2021). Pilot Trial of Acceptance-Based Behavioral Weight Loss and Neurocognition among American Indians. Behavior therapy, 52(2), 350–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2020.04.009
23. Leblanc, V., Provencher, V., Bégin, C., Corneau, L., Tremblay, A., & Lemieux, S. (2012). Impact of a Health-At-Every-Size intervention on changes in dietary intakes and eating patterns in premenopausal overweight women: results of a randomized trial. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 31(4), 481–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2011.12.013
24. Lillis, J., Niemeier, H. M., Thomas, J. G., Unick, J., Ross, K. M., Leahey, T. M., Kendra, K. E., Dorfman, L., & Wing, R. R. (2016). A randomized trial of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss in people with high internal disinhibition. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 24(12), 2509–2514. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/oby.21680
25. Niemeier, H.M., Leahey, T., Palm Reed, K., Brown, R.A., Wing, R.R. An acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss: a pilot study. Behav Ther. 2012; 43(2):427–435.
26. Palmeira, L., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cunha, M. (2017). Exploring the efficacy of an acceptance, mindfulness & compassionate-based group intervention for women struggling with their weight (Kg-Free): A randomized controlled trial. Appetite, 112, 107–116.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.027
27. Raja-Khan, N., Agito, K., Shah, J., Stetter, C. M., Gustafson, T. S., Socolow, H., Kunselman, A. R., Reibel, D. K., & Legro, R. S. (2017). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 25(8), 1349-1359. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21910
28. Salvo, V., Curado, D. F., Sanudo, A., Kristeller, J., Schveitzer, M. C., Favarato, M. L., Isidoro, W., & Demarzo, M. (2022). Comparative effectiveness of mindfulness and mindful eating programmes among low-income overweight women in primary health care: A randomised controlled pragmatic study with psychological, biochemical, and anthropometric outcomes. Appetite, 177, 106131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106131
29. Järvelä-Reijonen, E., Sairanen, E., Laitinen, J., Muotka, J., Pihlajamäki, J., Peuhkuri, K., Karhunen, L., Hallikainen, M., Kolehmainen, M., Ermes, M., Lappalainen, R., Korpela, R., Puttonen, S., & Lindroos, S. (2018). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on eating behavior and diet delivered through face-to-face contact and a mobile app: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0654-8
30. Noordali, F., Cumming, J., & Thompson, J. L. (2017). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions on physiological and psychological complications in adults with diabetes: A systematic review. Journal of health psychology, 22(8), 965–983. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315620293
31. Sorensen, M. D., Arlinghaus, K. R., Ledoux, T. A., & Johnston, C. A. (2019). Integrating Mindfulness into Eating Behaviors. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 13(6), 537–539. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827619867626
32. Barbosa, M.R., Penaforte, F.R., & Silva, A.F. (2020). Mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in the approach to obesity and eating disorders.
33. Carrière, Khoury, B., Günak, M. M., & Knäuper, B. (2018). Mindfulness-based interventions for weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Mindfulness interventions for weight loss. Obesity Reviews, 19(2), 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12623
34. Warren, J. M., Smith, N., & Ashwell, M. (2017). A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutrition research reviews, 30(2), 272–283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422417000154
35. Ozier, A., & Henry, B. W. (2011). Position of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrition Intervention in the Treatment of Eating Disorders. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(8), 1236–1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.06.016
36. Nelson J. B. (2017). Mindful Eating: The Art of Presence While You Eat. Diabetes spectrum: a publication of the American Diabetes Association, 30(3), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.2337/ds17-0015
%20are%20overweight.&text=Mre%20than%202%20in%205%20adults%20(42.4%25)%20have%20obesity.
&text=About%201%20in%2011%20adults%20(9.2%25)%20have%20severe%20obesity.
2. Nelms, M., & Sucher, K. P. (2020). Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance. Nutrition Therapy and Pathophysiology (Fourth Edition, pp. 254-261). essay, Cengage.
3. Alamout, M. M., Rahmanian, M., Aghamohammadi, V., Mohammadi, E., & Nasiri, K. (2019). Effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on weight loss, improvement of hypertension and attentional bias to eating cues in overweight people. International journal of nursing sciences, 7(1), 35–40.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2019. 12.010
4. Webber, K. H., Mellin, L., Mayes, L., Mitrovic, I., & Saulnier, M. (2018). Pilot Investigation of 2 Nondiet Approaches to Improve Weight and Health. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine, 24(1), 16–20.
5. Asadollahi, T., Khakpour, S., Ahmadi, F., Seyedeh, L., Tahami, Matoo, S., & Bermas, H. (2015). Effectiveness of mindfulness training and dietary regime on weight loss in obese people. Journal of medicine and life, 8(Spec Iss 4), 114–124.
6. Campos, M. B., Menezes, I., Peixoto, M., & Schincaglia, R. M. (2022). Intuitive eating in general aspects of eating behaviors in individuals with obesity: Randomized clinical trial. Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 50, 24-32.https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.002
7. Carbonneau, E., Bégin, C., Lemieux, S., Mongeau, L., Paquette, M. C., Turcotte, M., Labonté, M. È., & Provencher, V. (2017). A Health at Every Size intervention improves intuitive eating and diet quality in Canadian women. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 36(3), 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.clnu.2016.06.008
8. Mason, A. E., Epel, E. S., Kristeller, J., Moran, P. J., Dallman, M., Lustig, R. H., Acree, M., Bacchetti, P., Laraia, B. A., Hecht, F. M., & Daubenmier, J. (2016). Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindful eating, sweets consumption, and fasting glucose levels in obese adults: data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial. Journal of behavioral medicine, 39(2), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9692-8
9. Mensinger, J. L., Calogero, R. M., Stranges, S., & Tylka, T. L. (2016). A weight-neutral versus weight-loss approach for health promotion in women with high BMI: A randomized-controlled trial. Appetite, 105, 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.06.006
10. Grider, H. S., Douglas, S. M., & Raynor, H. A. (2021). The Influence of Mindful Eating and/or Intuitive Eating Approaches on Dietary Intake: A Systematic Review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 121(4), 709–727.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2020.10.019
11. Hensley-Hackett, K., Bosker, J., Keefe, A., Reidlinger, D., Warner, M., D'Arcy, A., & Utter, J. (2022). Intuitive Eating Intervention and Diet Quality in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, S1499-4046(22)00487-0. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.008
12. Page M.J., McKenzie J.E., Bossuyt P.M., Boutron I., Hoffmann T.C., Mulrow C.D., et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021; 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
13. Ryan, R., Synnot, A., Prictor, M., Hill, S. (2016).Cochrane consumers and communication group data extraction template for included studies. CCCG http:// cccrg.cochrane.org/author-resources.
14. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Evidence analysis manual: Steps in the Academy Evidence Analysis Process. Evidence Analysis Library. (2016). https://www.andeal.org/vault/2440/web/files/2016_April_EA_Manual.pdf
15. Borkoles, E., Carroll, S., Clough, P., & Polman, R. C. (2016). Effect of a non-dieting lifestyle randomised control trial on psychological well-being and weight management in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women. Maturitas, 83, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.09.010
16. Carpenter, K.M., Vickerman K.A., Salmon E.E., Javitz H.S., Epel E.S. & Lovejoy J.C. (2019). A Randomized Pilot Study of a Phone-Based Mindfulness and Weight Loss Program. Behavioral Medicine, 45(4), 271-281.https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2017.1384359
17. Corsica J., Hood M.M., Katterman S., Kleinman B. & Ivan I. (2014). Development of a novel mindfulness and cognitive behavioral intervention for stress-eating: A comparative pilot study. Eating Behaviors, 15(4), 694-699. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.002
18. Daubenmier, J., Moran, P. J., Kristeller, J., Acree, M., Bacchetti, P., Kemeny, M. E., Dallman, M., Lustig, R. H., Grunfeld, C., Nixon, D. F., Milush, J. M., Goldman, V., Laraia, B., Laugero, K. D., Woodhouse, L., Epel, E. S., & Hecht, F. M. (2016). Effects of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention in adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Obesity(19307381), 24(4), 794–804. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21396
19. Dimitrov Ulian, M., Pinto, A. J., de Morais Sato, P., B Benatti, F., Lopes de Campos-Ferraz, P., Coelho, D., Roble, O. J., Sabatini, F., Perez, I., Aburad, L., Vessoni, A., Fernandez Unsain, R., Macedo Rogero, M., Toporcov, T. N., de Sá-Pinto, A. L., Gualano, B., & B Scagliusi, F. (2018). Effects of a new intervention based on the Health at Every Size approach for the management of obesity: The "Health and Wellness in Obesity" study. PloS one, 13(7), e0198401.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0198401
20. Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Juarascio, A. S., Bradley, L. E., Lowe, M. R., Herbert, J. D., & Shaw, J. A. (2013). The mind your health project: a randomized controlled trial of an innovative behavioral treatment for obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 21(6), 1119–1126. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20169
21. Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Manasse, S. M., Crosby, R. D., Goldstein, S. P., Wyckoff, E. P., & Thomas, J. G. (2016). Acceptance-based versus standard behavioral treatment for obesity: Results from the mind your health randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 24(10), 2050–2056. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/oby.21601
22. Hawkins, M., Colaizzi, J. M., Cole, A. B., Keirns, N. G., Smith, C. E., Stout, M., Chaney, J., Sawhney, M., & Gahn, D. (2021). Pilot Trial of Acceptance-Based Behavioral Weight Loss and Neurocognition among American Indians. Behavior therapy, 52(2), 350–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2020.04.009
23. Leblanc, V., Provencher, V., Bégin, C., Corneau, L., Tremblay, A., & Lemieux, S. (2012). Impact of a Health-At-Every-Size intervention on changes in dietary intakes and eating patterns in premenopausal overweight women: results of a randomized trial. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 31(4), 481–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2011.12.013
24. Lillis, J., Niemeier, H. M., Thomas, J. G., Unick, J., Ross, K. M., Leahey, T. M., Kendra, K. E., Dorfman, L., & Wing, R. R. (2016). A randomized trial of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss in people with high internal disinhibition. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 24(12), 2509–2514. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/oby.21680
25. Niemeier, H.M., Leahey, T., Palm Reed, K., Brown, R.A., Wing, R.R. An acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss: a pilot study. Behav Ther. 2012; 43(2):427–435.
26. Palmeira, L., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cunha, M. (2017). Exploring the efficacy of an acceptance, mindfulness & compassionate-based group intervention for women struggling with their weight (Kg-Free): A randomized controlled trial. Appetite, 112, 107–116.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.027
27. Raja-Khan, N., Agito, K., Shah, J., Stetter, C. M., Gustafson, T. S., Socolow, H., Kunselman, A. R., Reibel, D. K., & Legro, R. S. (2017). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 25(8), 1349-1359. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21910
28. Salvo, V., Curado, D. F., Sanudo, A., Kristeller, J., Schveitzer, M. C., Favarato, M. L., Isidoro, W., & Demarzo, M. (2022). Comparative effectiveness of mindfulness and mindful eating programmes among low-income overweight women in primary health care: A randomised controlled pragmatic study with psychological, biochemical, and anthropometric outcomes. Appetite, 177, 106131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106131
29. Järvelä-Reijonen, E., Sairanen, E., Laitinen, J., Muotka, J., Pihlajamäki, J., Peuhkuri, K., Karhunen, L., Hallikainen, M., Kolehmainen, M., Ermes, M., Lappalainen, R., Korpela, R., Puttonen, S., & Lindroos, S. (2018). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on eating behavior and diet delivered through face-to-face contact and a mobile app: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0654-8
30. Noordali, F., Cumming, J., & Thompson, J. L. (2017). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based interventions on physiological and psychological complications in adults with diabetes: A systematic review. Journal of health psychology, 22(8), 965–983. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315620293
31. Sorensen, M. D., Arlinghaus, K. R., Ledoux, T. A., & Johnston, C. A. (2019). Integrating Mindfulness into Eating Behaviors. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 13(6), 537–539. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827619867626
32. Barbosa, M.R., Penaforte, F.R., & Silva, A.F. (2020). Mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in the approach to obesity and eating disorders.
33. Carrière, Khoury, B., Günak, M. M., & Knäuper, B. (2018). Mindfulness-based interventions for weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Mindfulness interventions for weight loss. Obesity Reviews, 19(2), 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12623
34. Warren, J. M., Smith, N., & Ashwell, M. (2017). A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutrition research reviews, 30(2), 272–283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422417000154
35. Ozier, A., & Henry, B. W. (2011). Position of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrition Intervention in the Treatment of Eating Disorders. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(8), 1236–1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.06.016
36. Nelson J. B. (2017). Mindful Eating: The Art of Presence While You Eat. Diabetes spectrum: a publication of the American Diabetes Association, 30(3), 171–174. https://doi.org/10.2337/ds17-0015
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