Parental Influences and Child Characteristics as Predictors of Food Neophobia and Picky Eating: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Picky eating and food neophobia are on a spectrum of feeding disturbances seen in youth and are common in preschool-aged children. The reported prevalence of picky eating and food neophobia vary across studies due to the lack of a standardized definition and criteria. This review aims to examine predictors of picky eating and food neophobia, explore how the two feeding disturbances interact, and better understand potential prevention and holistic treatment methods. A systematic search of available literature was conducted, thirty-eight articles were identified for review. Picky eating and food neophobia were found to share a common etiology and be significantly heritable. Four themes were identified as having significant impact as predictors for picky eating and food neophobia: early feeding practices, perception of picky eating, feeding environment, and feeding style. Of the four themes, only one had a uni-directional effect—early feeding practices. Overall, predictors of picky eating and food neophobia show a bidirectional nature. Maternal perception of or anxiety about picky eating was found to increase negative mealtime behavior and be a strong predictor of increased picky eating. Feeding styles and feeding environment showed the strongest bidirectional relationships with picky eating and food neophobia. To create effective interventional and preventative programs, early feeding practices, parental perceptions of picky eating, feeding style, and feeding environment need to be targeted.