Systematized Review of the Effect of Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

Despite the rise in the number of diabetics, studies on nutritional supplementation to help improve glycemic control type 1 diabetes can often be lacking. This review systematically collated research on the supplementation of glutamine, vitamin D, and magnesium to analyze what is currently known and what gaps in research can be filled. It was found that glutamine research is severely lacking but shows promise as a supplement to aid in glycemic control. Deficiencies in Vitamin D and magnesium show some relationship to poor glycemic control with some mixed results for supplementation beyond repletion. Data outside of the target population shows that all three supplements show potential promise in maintaining β- cell health in those with residual β-cells. In conclusion, glutamine and magnesium show the most value in improving glycemic control, but the mechanisms behind this are not known. More research is needed in this field to confirm and strengthen assumptions.